Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and substance abuse have a complex, intertwined dynamic. Research shows that people with ADHD are 2-3x likelier to develop a substance use disorder or abuse drugs at some point during their lives compared to the general population. With that, treatment needs require special care and diligence.
Understanding the Connection Between ADHD and Drug Abuse
ADHD is best understood as a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by numerous symptoms including inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsive behaviors. The combined effect of these symptoms often affects how people maintain focus and regulate their emotions. These struggles, of course, often go hand-in-hand with alcohol and substance abuse.
Both ADHD and addiction entail disruption within dopaminergic pathways. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter most associated with pleasure and reward. Dopamine dysfunction may increase the risk of someone seeking out external sources, such as drugs or alcohol, to compensate. Substances increase dopamine levels both frequently and intensely- providing that temporary sense of pleasure and reinforcing problematic use.
Some young adults with ADHD use substances as a form of self-medication to manage challenging symptoms. For example, stimulants can increase clarity and focus, while depressants can ease anxiety or hyperactivity. Unfortunately, self-medicating patterns can create a heightened risk for abuse.
Finally, it's important to note that ADHD is still largely misunderstood. Many people are getting their ADHD diagnosis later in life- only after realizing they've been struggling with certain symptoms for many years. If you are curious about whether you may have ADHD, consult with your healthcare provider to schedule a comprehensive evaluation.
ADHD and Substance Abuse Treatment Plan Considerations
People with co-occurring ADHD and substance abuse may need individualized support when navigating their recovery. Unfortunately, many programs fail to understand or treat neurodivergence- instead, they may default to rigid protocols that fail to acknowledge some of the most prevalent ADHD symptoms.
ADHD Medication Management
Prescription stimulants are inherently controversial due to their high potential for misuse. Many people with ADHD started taking stimulants in childhood, and reevaluating this relationship can be challenging.
In all cases, it's important to review the risks and benefits with an established treatment team. Some people with ADHD need to explore other options, including non-stimulant medications like tricyclic antidepressants or mood stabilizers. Others can continue taking their stimulants as prescribed under close supervision by their psychiatrist or physician.
Not everyone responds well to abstinence, and if someone can't avoid illicit drugs altogether, it's important to consider approaches rooted in harm reduction. For example, some clients respond well to medication-assisted treatment (MAT) when recovering from alcohol or opioid use disorders. Naltrexone, buprenorphine, and methadone each have their pros and cons, but they may be beneficial for certain individuals.
Behavioral and Therapeutic Approaches
Untreated ADHD can complicate recovery efforts, and substance abuse relapses often exacerbate ADHD symptoms. This becomes a vicious cycle, and it's why people with ADHD tend to benefit from having a multifaceted treatment approach that addresses active substance use with ADHD considerations.
Due to challenges associated with co-morbidity, treating ADHD effectively often entails focusing on strengthening skills in self-regulation, impulse control, and executive functioning. Doing so can improve recovery efforts and increase overall self-esteem.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT): CBT helps people identify negative thinking patterns and improve how they cope with stressful situations by changing their behavioral responses. CBT can be applied to both ADHD symptoms and substance abuse struggles.
Trauma-focused therapy: There is a link between trauma, ADHD, and substance abuse. Exploring and treating unresolved trauma can improve all areas of functioning. It's important to find a therapist or program that emphasizes neurodivergent-affirming trauma-informed therapy, as this kind of treatment focuses on addressing the unique needs associated with ADHD.
Executive function coaching; ADHD coaches or therapists specializing in executive function can help people with concrete tasks, including time management, organization, and short-term and long-term planning. This type of coaching can be especially beneficial for those in recovery, as it helps create structure and routines that support long-term sobriety.
Support Groups: While some individuals with ADHD find structured programs like Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) or Narcotics Anonymous (NA) helpful, others may benefit more from peer-led groups that focus on mental health support. Finding a group that aligns with your needs—whether it emphasizes addiction recovery, ADHD management, or both—can provide valuable guidance and a sense of community.
Treating ADHD and Addiction with Resurface Group
At Resurface Group, we deeply understand the complex intersection between various psychiatric disorders and substance use. With that in mind, we know that it's important to offer personalized treatment that offers a comprehensive approach to recovery.
We pride ourselves on offering a variety of customized services, including medication management, evidence-based therapy, coaching, and both professional and peer-led groups to support our clients improve their emotional well-being.
Contact us today to learn more about our unique programs.
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